Steam-boiler or fluid-heater.



I. BENJAMINS. STEAM BOILER 0B. FLUID HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 18, 1911.

1,029,908. I Patented June 18,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNE SE8 @440 mam/Cw Mil/WWW.

I. BENJAMINS.

STEAM BOILER 0R FLUID HEATER.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 18, 1911.

1,029,908, Patented June 18, 1912.

3 SHEETS-*SHBET 2.

FIG.2

WITNESSES lA/l/E/WOR I. BENJAMINS.

STEAM BOILER 01; FLUID HEATER.

APPLICATION TILED JULY 18, 1911. 7 1,029,908, Patented June 18, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. L4 1 I I II l 3 II '1 I! I! 1 l {I II I II H H WITNESS/58 PATENT OFFICE.

UNITED STATES ISRAEL BENJAMINS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER OR FLUID-HEATER.

' citizen of the United States, residing at 22 Lewis street, in the city of New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Steam-Boiler or Fluid-Heater, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in fluid heating apparatuses in which one fluid is employed to transmit the heat it contains or part of the heat itcontains to another fluid simultaneously receiving the said heat, such as boilers, air heaters, feed water heaters, economizers, condensers, and other apparatuses for sundry special manufacturing purposes; but particularl to boilers used for generating steam of either high or low pressure and for water heating purposes. I

The objects of my improvement are to produce a type of a boiler or fluid heater which is less expensive, more eflicient and more compactthan the standard types of boilers and fluid lh'eaters of current practice, also to produce atype of a boiler which is safer than the existing types of boilers, and particularly a boiler which should be about as efficient when built in small sizes as in large sizes, and of whichthe efficiency should be more or less independent of the skill of the fireman: the boiler'should at the same time be of comparatively simple construction o to necessitate no expensive special machines for its manufacture, and to have its parts easily accessible for cleaning and inspection. I attain these objects by the apparatus hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which represent. one convenient form of my invention. which is generic in character and which admits of many modifications of shape embodying either all or some of the features of my invention, as is hereinafter more fully poin ed out.

In the drawings. Figure 1 represents a vertical section through one type of the boiler. with the ash pit omitted. but showing the grate in position. also a part of the stack. (or flue leading to the stack): Fig.

2 is a plan or top view of one type of the' boiler. in whi h the drawing to the right of Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 18,

Patented June 18, 1912.

1911. Serial No. 639,254.

the center line A A is ayiew taken with all the parts of the boiler assembled. the drawing in the upper left hand quadrant is a view taken with the uppermost section 18 removed: the drawing in the lower left hand quadrant of 2 is a view of the section 1 of the boiler with the upper sections 15 and 18 removed. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of a type of the boiler which is elongated in shape and which is particularly adapted to locomotives and for large stationary and marine plants.

\Vherever in this specification the term heat absorbing surface is employed it designates the surface in'contact with the heating fluid, and the term heat emitting surface designates the surface in contact with the heated fluid; similarly the terms heat absorbing passages and heat emitting passages mean the passages incontact with the heating and heated fluids respectively.

Similar characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views in the drawings.

1 is the section or sections containing the furnace 2 surrounded by the water spaces 3 and 4 which communicate with each other by means of the passageso and 5*.

6 is the grate of any usual design; 7 is a deflector or baflie plate or plates shown in Fig. 1, as cast in one with the section or sections 1, and as forming a continuation of the inner wall 33 of the same; but which may also be made separate; 8 is a lining of tiles, fire clay or some other refractory material, and which is designed to protect the combustion of.the gases in the furnace 2 from the chilling effect of the inner walls 33, also to protect the battle 7 from overheating; 15 is the main boiler section or sections containing the large central combustion chamber or flue 10, which receives the gases of combustion after they leave the furnace 2, and the sets of passages 13 which receive the gases of combustion after they leave the flue 10. and after being deflected by the hollow baffle 11 containing the dead air space 12; from the passages 13 the hot gases pass through the smoke deflecting and soot settling chamber or chambers 9, situated between and inclosed by the lower section or sections 1 and the 1113 section is attached to the section or sections 15, at

th liner joints 29, and the outer joints 30; the section or sections 18 is adapted to inclose a steam space 19, between itself and the section or sections 17 is a part of thestack or flue leading to the stack; 20

- are the flanges which connect sections 1 and 15, also sections 15 and 18; 21' is a coil or pipe which is .connected by means of the fitting 22, to the feed water pipe 23; this coil, oi pipe 21 is adapted to deliver the feed water. through suitable apertures in'its walls into theeouter passa es 36 of the section or sections 15, through which assages the feed water then descends, part y eva crating, and delivering the mud and sea e, which it contains, if any, into the chambers 4 and, 3, and then it rises into the passages 24 also contained by the section or sections 15; in which passages 24 most or all of this circulating .water evaporates, and the steam there formed together with the water, if any, is delivered into the steam space 19 after bein deflected by the steam and water baflle 25 w ich is-shown as crown shaped, in Fig. 1, and which is adapted to separate the water from the steam; the passages .24 and 7 26 with the steam chamber 19 and the mud chambers 4 and 3 and passages 5 and 5 form the circulating system of the boiler or fluid heater.

26 are two steam connections to the boiler (the gage cocks and their connections to the boiler are not shown).-

27 is one of a number of long bolts, with an extra nut 28, shown'as connecting the sections 1, 15 and 18 together; the long jb olts, by their elongation within the elastic limitare adapted to allow the uppermost section 18 to be lifted from the'seat of the inner'joint 29 of the sections 15 and '18, while still retaining contact at the outer joint 30 of the same sections, at the circumferential sliding part of the-said jomt 30,

-'and in this way allowing the section 18 of the boiler to act as a safety valve-along the 'oint'29 which has a shorter circumferential sliding. contact, and which length of the sliding contact of said joint 29, is adapted to-be varied by the insertionof a suitable gasket the extra nuts 28 are designed to prevent the escape of hot water and steam at the joints of the sections 1 and 15.

at the seat of the joint 29, between. the ends of the sections 15 and 18 atthat.

joint, and thus allowing the steam to escape at any required pressure into the uptake 19;

32 are the flanges of the stack or flue leading to the stack 17; 34 is a blow off connection; 35 is a support for the grate, which support may be of any. suitable form; Y

It is evidentfrom the drawings that the passages 13 and 14 of the section or sections 15 could be formedby coring or drilling, and will therefore cost much less t-hanat-ubes would, and they will be much stronger; the

same is true of the passages 24 and 36 in the same section or sections 15, and of the passaes 5 and 5* in the section or sections 1; it is also evident that sections 1, 15 and 18 are adapted to be made by cast-ing them which is less expensive than building up a boiler of plates and tubes as is now the general practice; and that any well equipped for bending and flanging boiler plates,etc. It is also evident that this type of a boiler herein disclosed will be immensel than any of the boilers known in current on account of the absence of riveted joints of sheet. metal,-and of joints of tubing; the

moreover connected into solid blocks, and the quantity of water contained in this boiler at any time is comparatively small, so that "there is scarcely any, possibility of any exthis type of boiler under any circumstances. The safetyof this boiler is still further incr'e'a'sed by the feature of enabling the upper sect-ion or sections 18 of the boiler itself to act as a safety valve, as above described. -It is evident also that with this type of aboiler or fluid heater, the fire surface or heat absorbing surface is distinct from the water .surface or heat emitting surface, and that Eabsorbin surface of thecombustion flue 10 I larger than the heat emitting surface of the :passages24'and 36, as can readily be seen the purpose of increasing the capacity of a boiler of a given size, or to reduce the bulk of a boiler of a given-capacity, It is also evident that in the case of other fluid heatheated fluid is the slower process, the area of the heat emitting surface may be designed ;much larger than the heat absorbing surface. The passages cored or drilled in a block or casting can also be made considerably smaller in size or diameter than boil-er tubes which would buckle if too small; the

stronger ,and of. t e passages 13 and-14 being much Qfrom the drawings. This is designed for foundry and machine shop could produce these boilers without any special machines practice as safety. boilers, on'account of the largeimass of metal and the small size of the watefspaces which this type contains, also :walls of all the'passages of my boiler are plosion; andno probability of the failure of the heat absorbing surface may be made many times as large in area as the heat emitting surface or vice versa; the total heat ers, where the transfer of the heat-t0 the heating surface could therefore be made considerably larger in this type of a boiler for the same size, or the bulk of the boiler re duced for a given amount of the heating surface of the boiler or fluid heater. It is also evident that the transmission of heat from the extremely hotgases in the combustion chamber or flue 10 to'the water and steam iiithe passages 24 and 36 will be re-- tarded not so much by the thickness of the metal intervening, as by the. passages 13 and 14- which reduce the area of the heat transinitt-ing section of-the metal, and also,to

some extent, by the extra thickness of the metal; hence the temperature of the walls of the combustion chamber or flue lO will be be far more complete in this type of a boiler than is the case in boilers of all current types having water and'steain on one side of tubes or plates and the gases of combustion on the other, in which current types of boilers, the combustion is for this reason incomplete, particularly in boilers of the smaller sizes Where the actionis aggravatedby the larger ratio of the said chilling surface to the volume of the gases of combustion. This above described feature of protecting the gases of conibustion from chilling while transmitting the heat will not only increase the eflicieney of a boiler of this type, but it will also enable small boilers of this. type to have the same or nearly the same efficiency as large ones. It is also evident that the completeness of combustion in boilers of this type will be independent ofthe vigilance of the fireman and without taxing either his time or his attention, and that the efliciency of the boiler will be constant and high as long as the supply of air to thefuel will be kept within proper limits. This increase of efliciency will still further reduce the size of a boiler of a given power, and this reduction of bulk willbe particularly telling in boilers of small sizes which as at present iesigned, are very inefficient, and therefore ilso very bulky for any given power. It is ilso evident' that this type of a boiler could run as a seiniflash boiler, by restricting he supply of feedwater, or even as a flash )OllOl', without any injury to the boiler; in his latter case, however, the boiler must be onnectcd to a feed water heater, or hot well communicating with the steam space of the boiler.- into which hot well or feed wa l or heater-t lie Water should be pumped or illjected at intervals, and froii hvhieh the water should descend by gravity through n regulating valve into pei forjated'coil 21 feeding the boiler. It isalso e\fi dent' that f theext-ra great strength of'this; typeof a boiler will permit the cleaning bf'a'n' \j*"scale in the steam and water PIISBQQ\ 4-' and'36 by the heroic method of'hea t iiigifiip the boiler dry, and then cooling it do\vn, tl iei'el) v causing the disintegration ofthle'jseale and its removal from the surfaces incr istedf with it. It is evident also that on neeo-unt'of the protection of the gases ofcombustion' from chilling, as hereinbefore describethtliei'ewill be very little soot in-boilers of thistvp'e,

and the repeated battling and changeof 'dircctio'n of the flowof gases'w'jll cause the precipitation of whatever soot there will be,

and will preyent the carrying'of-sootand boilers, and with boilers fired 'wi'tli' soft coal. The hereinbefore' described feature of the protection of the gases of combustion also make it possible for soft'coal to be burned with a high efiiciency and'witlivery little smoke. Y

The passages 13, 14,24, and 36"also 5 and 5, are shown round in Figs. 2 and 3, for the purpose of facilitating their cleaning;

otherwise they may be made of any other suitable form. v

The mud-chambers 3 and 4 are provided in duplicate to facilitate the separation of the mud and-precipitates by means of the gentler circulation through the openings, 5 and 5 of the section or sections 1, whereas the circulation through the openings 36 and 24 of the section or sections will neCessa-i rily be more rapid and disturbed.

The dead air space l2 is provided in the. the

batlle 11 for the purpose of checking transmission ofheat from the gases in the combustion chamber or flue 10-to the gases in the uptake 16 and in the stack or flue lead ing to the stack 17; the battle 11 may also advantageously be lined on its underside with some nonconductor of heat. such as asbestos or fireclay, but which is not shown inthe drawings:

The lining of tiles or fireclay 8 of the turnace 2 and batlie 7 is shown as extending beyond the inner joint 31 .of the sections 1 and 15, and into the combustionchamber or flue 10, for the purpose of protecting and to prevent the overheating of the thin metal wall separating the flue 10 from the (baniher or chambers 9.

The. boiler as illustrated in Figs. 1, :3 and 8'5" other solid particles of fuel into and'tlju-ougli e the stack as is the case with locomotive from Chilling in this type of a boiler, will v 3, is shown vertical; but it is evident that itcould be built inclined, or even horizontal with very little change in its design; sections 1, 15 and 18 are shown in the drawings as 'made each in'one block or casting; but

it is evident that in the larger siaes, any-'of these sections could be' made to cynslstof a number of smaller sections suitably con-- .nected by flanges or otherwise. The number of sections may also be reduced to tw'o and even to one if desired Fig. 1 shows the arrangement whereby the gases of combustion change direction twice;

but it is evident that the number of turns may be increased and that also by leaving out from the design the passages '14, the

gases would change direction only once, and

by leavingout the central flue l0 and the passages 14, the 'ases would not change their direction at a also when using a detached. furnace, the furnace inclosed by-s ection I. may be omitted. The passages 24; and 36 could also bedispensed with, if desired, and section 15 simply inclosed in a water shell or drum. The design of the section 15 of the boiler thus simplified could be used as part of a larger design taking the place of the fire tube of boilers of present design.

It'is also evident that the sets of passages 13 and'14 or either of them, containing the gases of combustion could be -made to envelop the passages 24 and 36 containing the water and steam; and the central flue 10 could be made-to contain water and steam, if desired, instead of serving as a combustion chamber. Similar modifications could be made with fluid heaters other than boilers; also instead of the passages 13, 14,, 24,

I 36, and also 5 and 5 being straight, as

steam passages relative to the-combustion chamber that the combustion of the gases is protected from the chilling effect of the water and steam by intervening heat absorbing passages formed in the section or sections enveloping the combustion chamber,

or by any similar means; the first of these features applies to fluid heaters in. general;

the latter feature applies to boilers in par-' t -icular. All the other features of the boiler .hereinbefore described and shown in the drawings, or the modifications of the same, are contributory to the value or advantages" of the boiler as hereinbefore described.

\Vh'at I- claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A boiler or fluid heater having multiple passages' -formed in ablock or casting the 'said assa'ges being adapted to act as heat absor ing surfaces. V

2.. -A boiler or fluid heater having multiple passages formed in a block or casting the said passages being adapted to act as heat emitting surfaces.

3. A boiler or fluid heater consisting "of sections secured together and having multiple passageshorieycombed in one or more 0 the said sections, the said passages being adapted to act as heat absorbing surfaces.

4. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together, and having multiple passages honeycombed in one or more 0 the said sect-ions, the said passa es being adapted to act as'zheat' emitting sur aces.

5. A boiler or. fluid heater consisting of sections secured together, and having a set or sets of passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections the said set or sets of passages being adapted to act as heat absorbing surfaces, and another set or sets of passages adapted to act as heat emitting surfaces. i

6. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together, and having a set orsets of passa es honeycombed in one'or more of the sai sections, the said passages being adapted to act as heat absorbing surfaces, and another set 'or sets of passages adapted to act as heat emitting surfaces, said heat absorbing passages having a considerably larger total area than the sai heat emitting passages.

7. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sectionssecured together, and having multiple passages honeycombed in one or inore of the said sections, combined with agsuitable combustion chamber. V

8. A boiler or fluid theater consisting of sections secured together, and having multiple passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with a suitable steam space or chamber.

9. A boiler: or fluid heater .consisting of sections secured together and having a set or sets of multiple passages honeycombed in one or more ofthe said sections, combined with a combustion chamber and a steamand water space or spaces, one or more of the said sets of steam and water spaceor spaces. 10. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of passages intervening betwee said combustion chamber and th w.

-' sections'secured' together, and having a set or sets of heatabsorbing passages honeycombedin one or more of the sa1d sections combined with a combustion chamber and a and water. space or spaces, said set or sets of heat absorbing passages intervening between said combus ion chamber and the said steam and water space or spaces. 3

11. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together. and having a set or sets of heat absorbing passages and a set.

or sets of heat emitting passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections combined with a'suitable combustion chamber, the said set of heat absorbing passages intervening between the said combustion chamber and the. said set of heat emitting passages.

l2. A boiler ortlnid heater consisting of sections secured together and having mul tiple passages honevcombed in one or more ot' the said sections combined with a suitable space or spaces adapted to act as a mud settling chamber or chambers.

i A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together and having multiple iassages houeyeon'ibed in one or more of the said sections, combined With suitable mud settling spaces or chambers and circulating passages connecting the said mud settling spaces or chambers.

it. A boiler or fluid heater consi sections secured together, and having mul tiplc heat emitting passages honeyconibed in one or more of the said sections, combined with steam and water spaces or chambers. said heat emitting passages being adapted to form the said steam and v iwi'fl,

13. A boiler or fluid heater consisting oi" sections secured together, and having an inner and an outer set, of heat emitting passages hone) combed in one or more of the said sections, combined with steam and flit? spaces or chan'ibers, said sets ot heat. em iirg p; mes liliiiifil' adapted to form a ins: em the said steam and uni e: spue or iitzi! rs.

bi'iiler or iluid hea er cons sections secured together and having a set or sets of heateniitting passages honey ecmbed in one or more of the said sections, combined with steam and water s aces and a pertorated coil or pipe, the said neat emits ting pas ages being adapted toform a circulatingz system with the said steam and water spaces, and the said perforated coil or pipe. being adapted to deliver a stream or streams of feed Water into the said. circulating s s tern.

17. A. boiler or fluid heater consisting oi StiitlOIiS secured together, and having and tiple heat emitting passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, coinbined with steam and water spaces an a steam deflector in the said steam space, said heat emitting passages being adapted to at r spaces or chama circulating system with isting' Of sting of l l I form acirculating system with the said steam and Water spaces. and the said steam deflector being adapted to separate the water from the v t am delivered by the said circulating system intothe said steam spaces.

18. boiler or tluid heater consisting of sections secured together, having muitiple heat abscrbiug passages hone uxouihed in who or more-oi the said sections, combined with a combustion chamber and a suitable smoke deflector, the said smoke deflector being adapted to deflect the. gases of combustion from the said combustion chamber into the said heat. absorbing passages.

19. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together, and having an inner and an outer set or sets of heat absorbing passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with a suitable smoke deflecting and soot settling chamber or chambers, the said clnunli er or chambers being adapted to deflect the gases of conibustion from one of the said sets of heat allisorbing passages into the other one of the said sets, and to collect the soot de posited from the said passages.

20. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together, and having multiple heat flhShl'biliQ passages honevroinbcd in one or more oil? the said sections combined with a suitable sniohe uptake and a suitable smoke line or stack, the said smoke uptake being adapted to direct the, gases of combustion issuing from the said heat absorhing passages into the said smoke flue or stack.

21. A liio'ileii or fluid heater sections secured together, and having multiple heat absorbing passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with a suitable furnace or furnaces, said Furnace or f- 'naces being adapted to produce inc gase combo f in in contact with the said heat absorbing surfaces A boiler or iiuid heater conshting ot' sectimis secure-ii toi gether. and having n'iul tipie heat. absorbing passages hone i embed in one or more of the said sections com bined with water spaces and a suitable turnace surroundei by the said Water spaces, the said furnace being adapted to produce the gases of combustion in ontact with the said heat; absorbin passages.

23. A boiler or fluid heater sections secured together and having multiple heat a v, )rhing passages honevcombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with a suitabie furnace, a combustion chamber and a suitable flame deflecting plate or plates, the said flame deflecting plate or plates being adapted indirect the gases of combustion from the said furnace into the said combustion chamber.

consisting of 24. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of 5 sections secured together, and having multiple passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with long bolts adapted to allow one or more of the said sections to act as a safety valve.

25. A boiler or fluid heater consisting of sections secured together and having multiple heat absorbing and heat emitting passages honeycombed in one or more of the said sections, combined with a furnace, combustion chamber and uptake and with a steam chamber and mud settling chamber, the said furnace, combustion chamber and uptake, 01' some of these being inclosed by the said sections, and the said steam chamber and mud settling chamber being adapted to form a circulating system With the said heat emitting passages.

ISRAEL BEN J AMINS.

Witnesses:

JNO. L. BERNSTEIN, HARRY JAcoBsoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by

addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

